C. Initiation of judicial proceedings

Legal proceedings have been opened against opposition parties.

Several have been subject to enormous suits and enormous payouts.

Costs for restaurants are increased by litigation accusing them of causing obesity.

According to China s Ministry of Land Resources, there were more than 90,000 cases of illegal land transfers last year, yet there were precious few prosecutions.

The credit ratings agencies have been held accountable in two private suits.

Additional advantages of providing for exclusive jurisdiction clauses in the draft instrument were said to be a potential reduction of the number of possible jurisdictions in the case of multiple suits, particularly in the absence of concursus provisions, and a reduction in the risk of forum shopping.

In the absence of reliable courts, they cannot sue to enforce their rules.

For example, women could not fully participate under their own names in legal proceedings.

But suits and countersuits are not how we imagined the EU working when we struggled to join it.

Women were granted equal rights with men to participate in every stage of the judicial process.

However, the growing number of legal cases has increased the institution's workload.

Administrative restrictions on lawyers were tightened to discourage class action or multiple plaintiff suits typically cases against arbitrary or corrupt government actions and to facilitate local authorities intervention and control over cases.

Local courts, whose judges are appointed and paid by the local government, often simply refuse to file cases that challenge official decisions.

The enactment of the Administrative Litigation Law in 1990 enabled Chinese citizens to file lawsuits against local governments and public agencies.

The number of lawsuits against the government has ballooned to more than 100,000 per year, with plaintiffs winning more than one third of the cases.

Ahmet Misbah, the Mayor of Beyoglu district and a member of the ruling AKP (Justice) party argues that such judicial experiences prevent the modernisation of the city.

Based on the consideration of this issue at the fourteenth session of the Working Group, it was therefore suggested that a provision on concursus should be introduced in the draft instrument to provide for removal of actions to the jurisdiction where the first action had been instituted.

The report concludes with a series of annexes containing additional case studies, summaries of sanctions related litigation and other supplementary information.

Even more problematic reasons include lower risk of litigation, less rigorous ethical reviews, and populations that are willing to participate in almost any study that hints at a cure.

It would place the risk of lawsuits where it should fall, i.e., on the entity rather than solely on the individual carrying out mandated tasks.

Of those larger claims, it was suggested that most settle, often to avoid the potentially huge litigation costs involved in pursuing a claim.

On this view, if investors were able to take raters to court, raters incentives would improve.

Many of its candidates seek office not to work for Ukraine s betterment, but to gain parliamentary immunity from prosecution.

8.5 The same applied in relation to the argument that actions are pending in the Federal Court and in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice.

Of the 219 known international arbitration cases concerning investment projects, some two thirds were initiated during the past three years.

Thailand believes that alternative measures, which include restorative justice, are necessary not only to decrease caseload but also to avoid the possible adverse effects of incarceration.

MINUGUA also issued a report on the state of the judicial processes in cases of the more than 600 massacres confirmed by the Historical Clarification Commission in its final report.

More importantly, an effective mechanism for follow up of claims and or litigation must be put in place since it appears that such a mechanism is now lacking.

23. Also recognizes that the strengthening of the informal system may reduce recourse to the formal system, thereby avoiding unnecessary litigation

On the contrary, these bankrupts are filing lawsuits to get the million dollar bonuses to which they feel entitled.

He set up Web sites to help them exchange medical information, attract media attention, and file lawsuits demanding compensation.

If these charges are true, the bank executives involved may fear that civil lawsuits would uncover evidence that could be used in criminal prosecutions.

Even when developing country governments win the suits (which have proliferated greatly in the last 15 years), the litigation costs are huge.

In 2005 the US Congress discussed legislation to prevent civil lawsuits against the food industry in relation to obesity however, it did not become law.

While mindful of the need to examine whether the judicial remedies in question were available and effective in practical terms, the Committee had insufficient information before it in terms of the numbers of actions brought, the arguments invoked and their outcomes to conclude that the judicial remedies invoked by the State party were ineffective.

In China, power, money, and connections trump the law. Even as they are becoming ever more litigious, many Chinese believe that they have no hope of securing justice against the powerful.

Lawsuits are apparently increasingly common, but they are notoriously cumbersome, and judges are not independent from factory bosses.

And we read every once in while about these crazy lawsuits, like the guy in the District of Columbia who sued his dry cleaners for 54 million dollars because they lost his pair of pants.

22. Recognizes that the informal resolution of conflict is a crucial element of the system of administration of justice, and emphasizes that all possible use should be made of the informal system in order to avoid unnecessary litigation

The anger sparked by his remarks initially led to a number of lawsuits against al Moussawi, including one filed collectively by 180 families for instigating incitement against Christians and disturbing the plurality of Iraq.

Draft article 75. Lis pendens.

(a) The provisions of the new code of penal procedure, which provide for the attendance of lawyers for all kinds of lawsuits, and the judiciary reform project, which aims, in particular, at re establishing a distinction between the offices of the judge and the prosecutor

Lawsuits In the USA, a small number of personal injury lawsuits have been filed by individuals against cellphone manufacturers, such as Motorola, NEC, Siemens and Nokia, on the basis of allegations of causation of brain cancer and death.

Multidisciplinary drug rehabilitation committees with prosecutors, probation workers, doctors, psychologists and community members were also established.