So in that case, I have to design and we designed with Uri Galili and Tom Turek an enzyme wash to wash away, or strip, those galactosyl epitopes with a specific enzyme.

And then for the damaged arthritis on the surface, we did a stem cell paste graft, which we designed in 1991, to regrow that articular cartilage surface and give it back a smooth surface there.

Systemic conditions that affect the kidneys (such as diabetes and autoimmune disease) and systemic problems that occur as a result of kidney problems (such as renal osteodystrophy and hypertension) are also studied in nephrology.