In studies of the Paris suburb of Montbéliard (the French Detroit), the sociologists S. Beaud and M. Pialoux tracked underprivileged youth over a ten year period. Before employment increased in 1997, young people bounced from one training place to another.

In studies of the Paris suburb of Montbéliard (the French Detroit), the sociologists S. Beaud and M. Pialoux tracked underprivileged youth over a ten year period.

As a young student in Paris, Guénon observed and became involved with some milieux which were, at that time, under the supervision of Papus.