Unfavourable exchange rate changes, or sociopolitical factors, may also pose serious economic risks.

of exchange

RATES OF EXCHANGE

Exchange Rate Disorder

Exchange rates

4. Exchange rates . 40 50 11

Exchange rates

Exchange rate fluctuation

Revised Rates Adjustments of policy 1992 1993

Exchange rate gains EXPENDITURE

Notwithstanding the reduction in posts due to favourable exchange rate trends, the increase in Santiago is the result of higher actual salaries than budgeted.

The first is exchange rate relationships.

Price adjusted rates of exchange

Exchange rates are another wild card.

(n) Reserve for exchange rate fluctuations

Accounting for exchange rate fluctuations

Level of PCGNI not in line with economic reality, for example, due to fixed unrealistic exchange rate

Investments are recorded at cost using commercial historical exchange rates instead of United Nations operational rates exchange.

A better way needs to be found of dealing with exchange rates, and especially with large, rapid movements in exchange rates.

Effects of changes in rates of exchange and inflation

Effect of changes in rates of exchange and inflation

Effect of changes in rates of exchange and inflation

Effects of changes in rates of exchange and inflation

(In euros at 2004 2005 costs) Funds will be required for travel to book fairs or for organizing special promotional activities.

d Combined effect of inflation and exchange rate changes.

b Combined effect of inflation and exchange rate changes.

(h) Gain and loss on exchange.

With regard to the issue of conversion rates, the Nordic countries shared the Committee apos s view that market exchange rates (MERs) should be the rule, and price adjusted rates of exchange (PAREs), the exception.

For such countries, price adjusted rates of exchange (PAREs), should be used to correct the distortions and imbalances caused by MERs.

The dollar is part of an exchange rate Rubik s cube.

Its currency moves have had a decisive influence on exchange rates.

Rates of exchange and inflation (increase 1,285,100)

Rates of exchange and inflation (Increase 5,738,000)

(a predetermined number to be decided by the Committee)

Examine rate of change of PCGNI in US dollars in nominal terms between two base periods

MERs may be replaced

Lack of exchange rate information for 1992

The improvement of currency regulations would permit the unification of the official exchange and market exchange rates of the karbovanets.

Tobin was concerned about excessive fluctuations in exchange rates.

Revised estimates effect of changes in rates of exchange and inflation

Effects of changes in rates of exchange and inflation

The Rio Group was pleased that the Committee on Contributions had agreed on criteria for deciding when market exchange rates (MERs) should be replaced with other exchange rates and that it had decided that relative price adjusted rates of exchange (PAREs) were, in general, the most technically sound method of adjusting MERs.

If the MER valuation index of the Member States reviewed exceeded predetermined threshold levels, the MERs in question could be replaced in such a way that the Member State MER valuation index would be brought back to the predetermined threshold level.

Market exchange rates offered a satisfactory instrument to be used in conjunction with price adjusted rates of exchange which smoothed out the effects of inflation over the base period.

Can Central Banks Still Influence Exchange Rates?