Northern Cyprus, like Turkey, offers a 2.5 percentage point refund on VAT, compared to the standard VAT rate of 13 .

In the autumn, Prime Minister Terzić had offered his resignation over the Bosnia and Herzegovina Parliament's failure to adopt a government proposal on the value added tax (VAT) rate.

The value added tax (VAT) is applicable to most of the commodities and services.

Japan s consumption tax (essentially the same as VAT in Europe) was introduced in 1989 at a rate of 3 , and increased to 5 in 1997, after heated political battles.

When governments think about the difficult task of raising taxes, they usually think about income tax, business taxes, and value added tax (VAT).

Because of the high registration tax (180 ), VAT (25 ), and one of the world's highest income tax rates, new cars are very expensive.

A 7 per cent government value added tax (VAT) is applied to goods and services in Thailand.

In particular, the US should consider introducing a value added tax (VAT), widely used in other industrialized countries.

The top personal income tax rate (also levied on capital gains), the sales tax rate, the corporate tax rate, and the gas tax are all at or near the highest of any state.

In Europe, efficiency would be enhanced by a unified VAT rate, instead of creating distortions by charging different rates for different goods.

One of the most efficient tax raising methods is the US payroll tax, for which the marginal tax rate is close to the average rate (because deductions are absent and there is little graduation in the rate structure).

First, the prices that the traveler sees are generally increased by value added tax (VAT), which is universal in Europe but unknown in the US. Remove the VAT, which is typically 15 or more, and the prices in Europe are similar to those in the US.

Reagan s tax policies reduced the top income tax rate from 70 in 1980 to 28 in 1986.

There are many arguments for raising Japan s consumption tax rate.

The income tax rate was decreased to 21 by January 2008.

But the results often fall short of the potential benefits, because VAT has helped inspire tax evaders to create even stronger networks that can hide an entire chain of transactions.

Euro for euro, dollar for dollar, yen for yen energy and carbon taxes have a lower negative impact on a nation s economy, consumption, and jobs than income tax and VAT.

But there are not enough tax breaks for the rich to cover another 20 reduction in their income tax rate.

In January 2005, the personal income tax rate was reduced to 24 .

A lower corporate tax rate would weaken this justification. Moreover, pension funds, retirement plans, and non profit organizations, which receive about 50 of all corporate dividends, do not pay tax on these earnings, and would benefit from a lower corporate tax rate.

But, given that the top US marginal income tax rate is 35 , he certainly is a tax avoider on a grand scale.

Hollande s predecessor, Nicolas Sarkozy, tried to address this problem. He exempted voluntary overtime pay from employment tax and shifted some of the burden of labor taxation onto consumption (via a hike in VAT).

Hollande s predecessor, Nicolas Sarkozy, tried to address this problem. He exempted voluntary overtime pay from employment tax and shifted some of the burden of labor taxation onto consumption (via a hike in VAT).

Sarkozy s proposed cure is to boost growth by reducing the tax burden on employers, while simultaneously hiking the rate of value added tax.

Look for a sign saying VAT Refund for Tourists .

A global externality can best be dealt with by a globally agreed tax rate.

The corporate tax rate is a flat 18 , one of the lowest in the world.

As defined in the proposed legislation, the tax rate is 23 for the first year.

Japan s government has a huge debt burden, and its consumption tax rate is far lower than the value added tax rates that prevail in Europe.

Moreover, a high corporate tax rate is an ineffective and costly tool for producing revenues, owing to innovative financial transactions and legal tax avoidance mechanisms.

And, while raising so much revenue with so low a tax rate sounds grand, the declining volume of trades would shrink the tax base precipitously.

Instead of cutting proven tax incentives for business investment, the US should offset at least some of the revenue losses from a lower corporate tax rate by raising tax rates on corporate shareholders.

It was not accepted and, in early January, the Parliament passed laws that will enact a State level, single rate VAT system that will come into effect by January 2006 at the latest.

BERKELEY The United States now has the highest statutory corporate income tax rate among developed countries.

The VAT increase will hurt, but there was no other way.

Indeed, cutting these items to pay for a reduction in the corporate tax rate could end up increasing the tax on corporate economic activity in the US.

To see why, consider the tax rate necessary to pay for social benefits, which equals the replacement rate (the average level of benefits relative to taxpayer incomes) multiplied by the dependency ratio (the share of the population receiving the benefits). The higher the replacement rate and or dependency ratio, the higher the tax rate needed to pay for the benefits.

Georgia s 12 flat rate income tax probably the lowest in the world has boosted the national budget.

The tax rate that achieves optimum, or highest government revenues is somewhere in between these two values.

That said, if the goal of corporate tax reform is to boost investment and job creation, broadening the tax base to pay for a lower rate could be counterproductive.

Brown s ballot initiative this November would raise California s top personal income tax rate to 13.3 , the nation s highest.

When Kan led the DPJ in opposition, he avoided discussing any raise in the rate of consumption tax.

Their version of tax reform would mean reducing deductions for the wealthy and corporations, with no rate reductions.

Therefore, cutting the payroll tax rate in 2011 2012 and making the rate schedule more graduated (on the Medicare side) were mistakes from the standpoint of efficient taxation.

Western economists typically favor gradual tax increases Jeffrey Frankel, for example, recommends a pre announced plan to increase the tax rate by, say, one percentage point annually for five years.