Small retailers can, however, find niche markets, such as serving convenience needs and local tastes.

In India, for example, there is fear that small mom and pop retailers will be crushed when Wal Mart enters the market in the next few months. But policymakers must recognize that there are ways to protect small retailers without stifling competition.

The Government has implemented a special programme (PYMECO) to support small retailers through training in management and distribution processes.

At present most Vietnamese retailers are small, family run outlets, offering a limited choice of products to their customers.

The retail sector includes two main types of retailers store and non store retailers.

Adjustment among small retailers has come through specialization, and the size of the specialty markets in developed countries has allowed for this adjustment to take place, but in the case of developing countries the size of the market may not allow adjustment of small retailers through specialization.

Informal retailers could become the suppliers or the customers of formal retailers, or their franchises.

Studies have shown a strong impact of large retailers in terms of appropriating value, especially at the expense of small agricultural producers.

Eventually, they themselves become formal retailers.

The government can, say, impose zoning regulations, help small retailers find specialized niches in the market, or provide skills training to displaced workers.

In the context of a market with a high number of small retailers this practice can be seen as a barrier to entry.

The dominant market position of large retailers has been strengthened through cross border buying alliances among nominally independent retailers.

In other words, small shops may be more than capable of holding their own against big retailers if they adapt to the new environment.

Retailers are distributors selling to end consumers.

And other retailers followed by opening their stores.

Retailers have integrated backwards into wholesale operations, and producers have integrated forward, performing wholesale functions by distributing their products directly to retailers.

Xtify lets its users mostly small retailers and service providers offer real time pricing or discounts with the added precision of targeting by real time geo location.

That s exciting news to retailers looking for new markets.

The retailers have kind of quashed this notion though.

The role of wholesalers in developed countries tends to be more pronounced where small retailers command a larger share of the market, as in the case of Japan.

Retailers operating internationally can also resort to so called transfer pricing.

The growing power of retailers has a significant effect on domestic suppliers, especially small ones or those that do not command strong brand products, by offering lower prices for their products.

Retailers could exercise their power in setting prices at the local level.

By 2002, the world's top 30 retailers were active in 88 countries, nearly 70 per cent more than in 1997, and the overseas expansion of major retailers is constantly increasing.

On the contrary, most European top retailers have operations outside the home country.

Other initiatives included granting duty free concessions to retailers of popular tourism items.

Further, the Commission's investigation established that Panamco Tica was lending refrigerators to retailers and attaching exclusivity clauses to the contracts, which required retailers to use the refrigerator for Coca Cola products exclusively.

Opponents point to how big retailers decimated the traditional retail segment in the West.

Foreign sales represent a significant share in total sales of the main European retailers.

I'd put out feelers to retailers, to auctioneers, and it was coming up empty.

Retailers and mass merchants often, though not always, get their products supplied through distributors.

The distribution sector includes commission agents, wholesalers and retailers who act as enablers of trade.

The Euro Retailer Produce Working Group (EUREP) is a European based trade organization for retailers.

Its membership consists of growers, product marketing organizations and growers' cooperatives, food manufacturers and retailers.

Producers are also engaging in direct sales to consumers through on line retailing, bypassing retailers.

Exporters of textiles and clothing in developing countries often face uneconomical demands by these retailers.

It employs more than 90 of the workforce and is home to 75 of the retailers.

In 2000, 70 per cent of the global top retailers already operated a transactional web site.

The top 100 retailers (see table 3) account for 25 per cent of worldwide retailing sales.

Most of the food reaches consumers, especially in urbanized societies, through processors, distributors, packers and retailers.

In the case of Greece and Portugal, for example, the tourism industry might absorb some unemployed retailers.

Growing use by retailers of own brands and discount retailing have also been driving prices down significantly.

Retailers are able to access and tap different cost structures in different countries and are becoming global.

These goods are sold to local consumers via car dealers and a whole chain of traders and retailers.

This affected all the producers, distributors, and retailers whose plans and contracts were based on now obsolete expectations.