20. Total sanitation campaign to reduce the number of open defecation areas

A variety of approaches has been used, from conducting walks of shame to open defecation areas to establishing children s brigades to promote the ban.

Improved sanitation and hygiene practices could be encouraged by setting targets and providing incentives to communities to meet them (as with the zero open defecation initiative in India).

A cheaper and more successful approach in South Asia mobilizes communities to achieve environments that are free of open defecation by raising awareness of disease transmission, health costs, and the social benefits of sanitation.

Hygiene promotion that focuses on key household practices (washing hands with soap after defecation and before handling food, and the safe disposal of children's faeces) is also an effective way to prevent diarrhoea, especially among young children, who spend most of their time at home.

So, literally, a few minutes before that, I downloaded this scientific paper about calculations on avian defecation, which is really quite interesting, because it turns out you can model this as something called Poiseuille flow, and you can learn an awful lot about the physics of the avian rectum.