It is quite distinct theoretically from the notion of acquiescence.

Silence and acquiescence formed the basis of the relations between the parties during the proceedings.

Furthermore, the term conduct encompassed both action and inaction acquiescence for example, was regarded as an act.

Indeed, international acquiescence to the situation created by Israel s victory in 1967 proved to be extremely short lived.

There are at least two possible explanations of the outcome, in addition to Soviet acquiescence to America s superior nuclear firepower.

In this case, silence could have provided a basis for establishing acquiescence to the claims made by these two countries.

The Temple of Preah Vihar case shows the extremely close relationship between the various forms of State conduct estoppel, silence and acquiescence.

The hard fought independence of the former Soviet republics must not be tacitly traded away in acquiescence to Russia s desire for regional hegemony.

But the five big countries now also on the Council will expect to be consulted their acquiescence on key questions cannot simply be assumed.

But resigned acquiescence in whatever Putin s regime chooses to do would only confirm it in its belief that it now holds all the cards.

Perhaps that would be enough to reassure everyone that policymakers current acquiescence in a prolonged slump was a horrible mistake that will not be repeated.

A perceived change in American behavior under the Obama administration may facilitate Khamenei s support for, or at least acquiescence in, an electoral victory by Mousavi.

From a reading of the above cited paragraph it is clear that a fundamental issue underlying the decision was the consideration of silence as acquiescence.

Ethiopia's illegal occupation of our sovereign territories, with the apparent acquiescence of the Security Council, has hampered our development objectives and activities, imposing substantial losses on our economy.

It is interesting to note that in the reasoning of the Court the elements of estoppel and acquiescence are combined, as Judge Fitzmaurice points out in his separate opinion

Were an Asian country like China to rise to the top, it would not need the same level of regional cooperation and acquiescence to maintain its position and military footholds.

This involved some strong arm tactics, especially against the unions, but it worked mostly because the middle class settled for an informal deal increased material prosperity in exchange for political acquiescence.

Successful coups legitimated by popular support (or at least acquiescence) and oiled with promises to restore democracy may become infectious, encouraging copycats in neighboring states where governments are also weak or failing.

Given the key role the military plays in Turkish politics, especially on sensitive national security issues, Erdogan will need the military s support or at least its acquiescence for any initiative to succeed.

Indeed , by your Lord , they will not believe till they make you adjudge in their disputes and find no constraint in their minds about your decisions and accept them with full acquiescence .

The current impasse on economic reform highlights a larger point subsidy and tax regimes cannot be reformed without first redefining the underlying social contract, which has long exchanged welfare distribution for political acquiescence.

As European economies grew more dependent on Russian oil and gas, and the US military in Central Asia on Russian acquiescence, reversing the decision to admit Russia to the G8 became politically unthinkable.

Each State Party shall take comparable measures when the acts defined in article 1 are carried out by persons or groups of persons acting without the authorization, support or acquiescence of the State.

The Secretary General went further, with the apparent acquiescence of the Security Council, to placate Ethiopia by appointing a Special Envoy to explore the options of an alternative mechanism as Ethiopia had requested.

But uncertainty is far better than knowing acquiescence. There are simply no alternatives right now, and applying the entire gamut of sanctions from the outset would leave the EU and the US without further options.

Unfortunately, a proposal last year at the International Atomic Energy Agency aimed at launching an effective international control system on safety and security of nuclear power worldwide blatantly failed with the acquiescence of the European Union.

Sixth, it is necessary to prevent a situation whereby silence on the part of the Russian Federation could be invoked against it in the future as a tacit acceptance of or acquiescence in the claims of Turkmenistan.

Each State Party shall take appropriate measures to investigate acts defined in article 2 committed by persons or groups of persons acting without the authorization, support or acquiescence of the State and to bring those responsible to justice.

Actions and omissions that affect rights established in international human rights treaties or in the norms of general international law constitute violations of those rights when carried out by public servants or committed with the acquiescence of the authorities.

A possible risk of being subjected to ill treatment by a non governmental entity or by private individuals, without the consent or acquiescence of the Government of the receiving country, falls outside the scope of article 3 of the Convention.

It is worth stressing another aspect that the Court noted, namely, that in this context the concepts of estoppel or acquiescence mingle with the general rule of recourse to the subsequent practice of the parties as a means of interpretation of a treaty.

Indeed, international acquiescence to the situation created by Israel s victory in 1967 proved to be extremely short lived. When a war of salvation and survival turned into a war of conquest, occupation, and annexation, the international community recoiled and Israel went on the defensive.

See P. Cahier, Le comportement des Etats comme source de droits et d'obligations , Recueil d'études de droit international en homage à Paul Guggenheim (Geneva, 1968), pp. 248 249 and I. Sinclair, Estoppel and Acquiescence , Essays in Honour of Sir Robert Jennings (Cambridge, 1995), p. 110.

Institutions, including those in the private sector, that are outside of traditional criminal justice may nevertheless serve as important models for institution building and reform within the criminal justice system. Criminal justice reform cannot proceed without the active support or at least acquiescence of the community.

Article 1 of the Convention defines the perpetrators of torture, limiting the scope of the notion to public officials or other persons acting in an official capacity, or others acting at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of such officials or other persons.

The conduct in question relates to categories of silence, acceptance, acquiescence and estoppel, all forms of unilateral conduct of States that undoubtedly produce legal effects similar to the effects of an act considered as an expression of will formulated with the intention of producing legal effects.

But acquiescence can operate as a preclusion or estoppel in certain cases, for instance where silence, on an occasion where there was a duty or need to speak or act, implies agreement, or a waiver of rights, and can be regarded as a representation to that effect

4.6 Regarding the complainant's allegation that he risks persecution by private individuals because of his religion, the State party submits that the risk of being subjected to ill treatment by a non governmental entity or by private individuals, without the consent or acquiescence of the Government of the receiving country, falls outside the scope of article 3 of the Convention.

Europe s liberals must ask themselves why they have been silent. It is clear that Europe s political right other countries have similar bans in the works does not care about Muslim women or their rights. But Muslims must ask themselves the same question Why the silence as some of our women fade into black, either as a form of identity politics or out of acquiescence to Salafism?

The definition thus excludes any extension of the article to cover cases in which torture is inflicted by a third party. The Committee has held that the issue whether the State party has an obligation to refrain from expelling a person who might risk pain or suffering inflicted by a non governmental entity, without the consent or acquiescence of the Government, falls outside the scope of article 3 of the Convention .d