Perhaps the most marked of these is a conservative and traditionalist attitude, where innovative ideas or new technology are discarded or left untested.

Secularists see the schools growing role in Turkey's education system as yet another sign that AKP is trying to recast the country in its own traditionalist image.

Thus, the most lasting effect of the first reformist wave was the establishment of a salafi (traditionalist) trend and eventually the emergence of an even more radical fundamentalism.

The Chinese School insists on adhering to Deng Xiaoping s doctrine of maintaining a low profile in international diplomacy, while the traditionalist group advocates taking on greater international responsibility.

Manuel Valls, France s Socialist prime minister, is staking his political capital on an ambitious program of tax and spending cuts that does not enjoy the backing of his party s traditionalist wing. Critics from the orthodox left accuse him of taking solutions from Blair and Schröder.