According to Mamudu and Studlar, since the adoption of the FCTC in 2003, shared sovereignty through multilevel governance has become the norm in the tobacco control policy area for EU members, including having one international organization negotiate within the context of another.

It has also undertaken the production of multilevel advocacy tools and manuals based on the Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking (E 2002 68 Add.1) with the objective of building rights based capacity of anti trafficking practitioners at the international, regional and national levels.