Similarly, Libya s Muammar el Qaddafi exposed himself to a NATO onslaught by relinquishing his WMDs.

Instead, they are focusing on rebuilding the state that former leader Muammar el Qaddafi destroyed.

Last year, its adherents did play an important role in the removal of Libya s brutal dictator, Colonel Muammar el Qaddafi.

As the world watches Libya s Muammar el Qaddafi slaughter his own people, we should remember the human cost of international indifference.

This is the wisdom that Egypt s Hosni Mubarak, Libya s Muammar el Qaddafi, Tunisia s Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, and Yemen s Ali Abdullah Saleh all failed to learn.

In the case of the resolution on military intervention in Libya, the BRICS decided to let Col. Muammar el Qaddafi be overthrown.

At the end of 2010, Erdoğan was the (last) recipient of a human rights prize granted by Libya s Col. Muammar el Qaddafi.

The deposed authoritarian rulers Tunisia s Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, Mubarak, and soon Libya s Col. Muammar el Qaddafi stashed away billions of dollars stolen from the public treasury.

Inspired by events in Tunisia and Egypt, the Libyan people rose up spontaneously against four decades of repression by Col. Muammar el Qaddafi.

The fall of Muammar el Qaddafi opened a Pandora s box of old rivalries, with Cyrenaica developing into a semi autonomous region known as Barqa.

Even Libya s Colonel Muammar el Qaddafi was considered a foe for having allegedly ordered the killing of Lebanese Shiite leader Imam Musa Sadr in 1978.

Libya s Muammar el Qaddafi is holding on by the skin of his teeth, and political leaders in Algeria and Morocco are scrambling to maintain authority.

SIRTE, LIBYA Although Libyans are now celebrating the first anniversary of the revolution that toppled Muammar el Qaddafi, they are increasingly frustrated with their new leaders.

And in Libya, while getting rid of Muammar el Qaddafi is a good first step, democracy and the rule of law are, to be optimistic, years away.

So, to win, Libya s Colonel Muammar el Qaddafi has deliberately and successfully turned a civil resistance campaign into an armed conflict. That will have ramifications in the post authoritarian context.

There are large numbers of soldiers and police among the casualties, as well as civilians and, partly as a byproduct of the fall of Libya s Muammar el Qaddafi, Egypt is awash with weapons.

The intervention has seemingly been driven by a geopolitical imperative to bottle up or eliminate Col. Muammar el Qaddafi so that his regime cannot exploit the political vacuum in neighboring Egypt and Tunisia.

The same energy on display in Cairo and Tunis was evident among Libyan youth, but this time, America was able to do little diplomatically because it had no relationship with Col. Muammar el Qaddafi.

The deposed authoritarian rulers Tunisia s Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, Mubarak, and soon Libya s Col. Muammar el Qaddafi stashed away billions of dollars stolen from the public treasury. This ill gotten money should be recovered and put into a special fund for youth employment.

The West should send the same message to Lukasenko that it has sent to Libyan leader Muammar el Qaddafi and Syrian President Bashar al Assad No IMF money to prolong the life of the regime.

Much more oppressive and ruthless rulers Col. Muammar el Qaddafi in Libya, Bashar Assad in Syria, and Ali Abdullah Saleh in Yemen though seriously threatened, have proven far more resilient (up to now) in suppressing popular opposition.

Proposal by Colonel Muammar Qaddafi, Leader of the Great Al Fatih Revolution, concerning the reform of the United Nations

At the same time, some institutions that could provide effective international oversight have been coopted, as demonstrated by Libya s leadership of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights while under the control of deposed dictator Muammar el Qaddafi.

Likewise, Libya s Muammar Khaddafi may be succeeded by his son, Seif el Islam.

Last year, its adherents did play an important role in the removal of Libya s brutal dictator, Colonel Muammar el Qaddafi. Many subsequently matured politically, revised their worldview, and shifted from armed to unarmed activism, forming political parties and contesting elections.

In Libya, however, the need was different. The same energy on display in Cairo and Tunis was evident among Libyan youth, but this time, America was able to do little diplomatically because it had no relationship with Col. Muammar el Qaddafi.

As it is, the army s coup was indefensible, and its slaughter of mostly unarmed protesters ranks in infamy with the Tiananmen Square massacre of 1989, and those of Libya s former leader, Muammar el Qaddafi, and Syria s Hafez and Bashar al Assad.

He staged a photo opportunity for his designated heir with Barack Obama during the G 8 meeting in Deauville earlier this year, and followed that up with a trip to Benghazi his flight escorted by French Mirage fighters to lambast Colonel Muammar el Qaddafi.

Then, in 2011, Western backed regime change in Libya toppled Colonel Muammar el Qaddafi and drove more fundamentalists to flee into the desert but not before they had gotten their hands on a significant part of Qaddafi s heavy weaponry, as well as many vehicles.

In 2011, under President Nicolas Sarkozy, France has again taken a highly visible stand on a question of war and peace, except that now the French, together with the British, are leading the fight to protect Libya s people from their erratic, brutal leader, Col. Muammar el Qaddafi.

Indeed, President Nicolas Sarkozy s willingness to intervene (alongside British Prime Minister David Cameron) helped close a dangerous gap between the world of values, which would call for direct American intervention against Muammar el Qaddafi, and the world of interest, which impelled President Barack Obama to restraint.

In Libya, it was relatively easy to bomb Muammar el Qaddafi s armies as they advanced through open spaces.

Thus spoke Saif al Islam al Qaddafi in March 2010, referring to the leaders of the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG), an armed organization that had attempted to assassinate his father, Muammar al Qaddafi, three times in the mid 1990 s.

It then spread to Egypt and Libya, ending Hosni Mubarak s and Muammar el Qaddafi s even more repressive and corrupt regimes.

The conflict and opacity surrounding the case are telling signs of the country s political fragility since Colonel Muammar el Qaddafi s demise.

In Libya, the collapse of Colonel Muammar el Qaddafi s regime has thrown the country into chaos and decimated central government authority.

Muammar el Qaddafi s murderous stance during the uprising has revealed his true colors, regardless of his more moderate posture in recent years.

In Libya, Col. Muammar el Qaddafi s appalling tyranny has collapsed the EU will be generous in helping the Libyan people start to build a modern pluralist society.

In March 2011, its airstrikes in Libya (alongside those of Great Britain) thwarted Colonel Muammar el Qaddafi s troops as they prepared to retake the city of Benghazi.

The Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG), another former Al Qaeda ally, abandoned the ideology between 2005 and 2010 and joined the revolution against Col. Muammar el Qaddafi s dictatorship.

Mubarak and Qaddafi, along with Tunisia s Zine el Abidine Ben Ali and Abdelaziz Bouteflika of Algeria, are among the world s oldest and longest serving heads of state.

MELBOURNE The international military intervention in Libya is not about bombing for democracy or for Col. Muammar el Qaddafi s head let alone keeping oil prices down or profits up.

Muammar Kaddafi escaped unharmed.

Libya After Qaddafi

CAMBRIDGE Not long ago, a Harvard colleague wrote to me that Saif al Islam el Qaddafi, a son of Libya s dictator, would be in town and wanted to meet me.