Monetization

China s intensive economic monetization is a key factor driving its money supply growth.

But China s sharply rising monetization rate cannot be judged against the high, steady rates of developed countries without bearing in mind that China s monetization process began much later, and has distinct structural and institutional foundations.

The notorious law on monetization of social benefits, which transforms in kind benefits into cash, is a typical example.

The only institution that can crank up the printing press the European Central Bank will never resort to monetization of fiscal deficits.

Seventh, monetization of fiscal deficits is not inflationary in the short run, whereas slack product and labor markets imply massive deflationary forces.

Such a debt conversion program would offer five benefits. For starters, unlike the ECB s current quantitative easing, it would involve no debt monetization.

Some combination of debt restructuring and permanent debt monetization (quantitative easing that is never reversed) will in some countries be unavoidable and appropriate.

Funds generated through monetization of WFP commodities have been used to establish revolving credit programmes to help the beneficiaries to increase their production or establish small enterprises.

In countries where asking a legislature for tax increases and spending cuts is politically difficult, monetization of deficits and eventual inflation may become the path of least resistance.

This monetization of the fiscal deficit has put enormous pressure on central bank reserves, mitigated only slightly with the issuance of new Eurobonds over the past 2 years.

Finally, in the face of political opposition to fiscal consolidation, especially in the US, there is a risk that the path of least resistance becomes continued monetization of fiscal deficits.

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If they take their fiscal deficits (and a potential monetization of these deficits) seriously and raise taxes, reduce spending, and mop up excess liquidity, they could undermine the already weak recovery.

In countries that borrow in their own currency and can monetize the public debt, a sovereign debt crisis is unlikely, but monetization of fiscal deficits can eventually lead to high inflation.

The US is a net debtor with an aging population, unfunded entitlement spending on social security and health care, an anemic economic recovery, and risks of continued monetization of the fiscal deficit.

The Malvatumauri Council of Chiefs have formalized the monetization of bride price by placing a value of VT 80,000 as the upper limit in any payments, contrary to Article 5 of CEDAW.

There is also a financial angle, the importance of which depends on the mix of new government borrowing, debt monetization, and repatriation of Japanese savings that is used to fund Japan's reconstruction program.

American financiers were persuaded that New York needed to develop its own commercial trading system to handle bills of exchange in the same way as the London market and arrange their monetization (or acceptance ).

More ominously, monetization of these fiscal deficits is becoming a pattern in many advanced economies, as central banks have started to swell the monetary base via massive purchases of short and long term government paper.

To ward off an offensive by German (and other) monetary hawks, who maintain that the ECB has opened the door to debt monetization, the Bank is bound to err on the side of orthodoxy in the coming months.

As China has opened up its economy, deepened reforms, and become increasingly market oriented, the government has facilitated the continuous monetization of resources including natural resources, labor, capital, and technology by ensuring their constant delivery to the market.

Served as a member of the ministerial level structural adjustment monitoring committee, which provided oversight on policy reforms dealing with rationalization of the civil service work force, judicial reform, petroleum product pricing, and monetization of the rice subsidy.