Keeping a weak banking system afloat has high economic costs.

As we move from a unipolar international order to one with multiple regional powers, realism should allow them to vie for influence while keeping the costs as low as possible.

Keeping interest rates low discouraged capital inflows and encouraged asset price inflation.

Production or labour costs constitute only a relatively low proportion of their total operational costs.

The costs of media for serious games is very low.

Use more cheap debt, and equity becomes riskier and costlier, keeping overall financing costs the same.

But European companies remain hesitant, despite low interest rates, keeping private investment well below its previous peak.

Health care costs in the US are exorbitant, with low value for money.

There are also quasi fiscal costs involved. Fortunately, despite the low returns on foreign assets, this is not yet a major problem for China, owing to the low costs of the corresponding PBOC liabilities.

No one should expect that the costs of combating climate change will be low.

His land costs are low. So are his labor costs, since he relies on family and friends to weed and pick the crop.

But how? Buying other countries bonds would mean abandoning the goal of keeping real currency values low against the dollar.

One must also recognize that low labor costs are an essential component of China s competitive advantage.

(g) Conduct an assessment of hidden costs of conflicts, covering the cost for wasted time, loss of skilled staff, low morale and productivity and health costs

But if the central bank reduces interest rates and credibly commits to keeping them low in the future, asset prices will rise.

Since permafrost melts slowly, it provides a steady source of water to the eruption while keeping the water to magma ratio low.

Because these activities costs are so high and their benefits so low, stopping them would be easy.

Low inflation, no currency risk, decreased transaction costs, and greater transparency have made the euro a success.

A prolonged and sustained central bank policy of keeping short term Treasury nominal interest rates low is essential to keeping the many interest rate sensitive components of aggregate demand from falling even further below potential aggregate supply.

Although QE may be justified by weak economic and growth fundamentals, keeping rates too low for too long can eventually feed such bubbles.

First, the domestic interest groups that benefit from low borrowing costs have become a barrier to their liberalization.

The low costs of finance facilitated global investment, thereby contributing to the acceleration of global growth in 2004.

But maintaining stability involves not only keeping inflation low, but also, and crucially, avoiding large swings in economic activity, external imbalances, and financial crises.

It may also delay needed fiscal austerity if large deficits are monetized, and, by keeping rates too low, prevent the market from imposing discipline.

Strong economic performance reflects strong domestic demand in the US, owing to low borrowing costs and rising asset prices.

But, despite their robust base and low administrative costs, excise taxes currently amount to less than 2 of low income countries GDP, compared to roughly 3 in high income countries.

The German solution to this conundrum keeping wage growth below that of productivity, thereby reducing unit labor costs took more than a decade to yield results.

But even if tariffs and quotas are progressively reduced, trade flows may remain low if other trade costs remain high.

A second, hotly debated argument is that limiting banks size and scope has relatively low costs in terms of performance.

Their finance ministers, while euphoric at their countries record low borrowing costs, must have understood that it might not last.

The original vision was that this set up would help to assure a growth friendly policy mix, with fiscal prudence keeping interest rates low on average.

All the factors that encourage high growth remain in place low labor costs, education, high savings, improving infrastructure, and rapid urbanization.

The important exception to this pattern is Germany, which was accustomed to low borrowing costs even before it entered the eurozone.

Long term government bond yields are already very low, and a further reduction will not significantly change private agents borrowing costs.

The initial installation cost of a nuclear power plant may be high its operating costs, however, are relatively low and stable.

Rather, costs are low because for almost two centuries colonial powers and then domestic governments hobbled markets and restricted international trade, leaving a legacy of wages so low that they offset weaker productivity.

The Belgian Revolution in 1830 and the resulting costs of keeping the Dutch army at a war footing until 1839 brought the Netherlands to the brink of bankruptcy.

Animal husbandry, mainly the keeping of cattle, pigs, and sheep, accounts for about 25 percent of Georgia's agricultural output, although high density and low mechanization have hindered efficiency.

New capacity is mainly planned in developing countries and countries in transition with relatively low production costs and rapidly growing domestic demand.

And countries facing depressions and rapidly weakening inflation typically face very low borrowing costs investors purchase government bonds for want of profitable alternatives.

The polarization of borrowing costs has politically explosive distributional effects Germany is borrowing and refinancing its existing debt at artificially low interest rates.

Faced with sluggish external demand, weak domestic consumption, rising labor costs, and low productivity, China depends excessively on investment to drive economic growth.

Record keeping

If they think they cannot sell that many, to ensure viability they could Try to reduce the fixed costs (by renegotiating rent for example, or keeping better control of telephone bills or other costs) Try to reduce variable costs (the price it pays for the tables by finding a new supplier) Increase the selling price of their tables.

However, such incentives do not address the problem of low quality education, and research shows that the benefits do not always outweigh the costs.