Because of its anoxia, the Cariaco Basin has also a unique chemistry.

During clinical death, all tissues and organs in the body steadily accumulate a type of injury called ischemic injury.

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a treatment that improves ischemic tissues and removes wound fluid used by bacteria.

By far, the three most common injuries to the optic nerve are from glaucoma, optic neuritis (especially in those younger than 50 years of age), and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (usually in those older than 50).

While most observational studies have focused primarily on stroke incidence in adults, in 2004 researchers reported that children in the eleven stroke belt states also have an increased risk of death from ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke compared with children in other states.

The third decade of penumbral research found a transitional leap as using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanning can identify brain tissue with decreased blood flow and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has the ability to detect portions of the ischemic tissue that has not yet died.