3.2 Trends in the use of DDT for Disease Vector Control

Vector control for malaria and other mosquito borne diseases Report of a WHO Study Group.

Another major activity is the establishment of joint WHO UNEP information system to collate information from all available sources (WHO, UNEP, research institutions, countries, etc.) relevant to the production, use and management of DDT and its alternatives and policies in disease vector control.

Vector control programmes continue to face significant resource constraints, which tend to undermine the quality of interventions.

The WHO position with respect to the use of DDT in activities aimed at disease vector control to interrupt disease transmission is as follows.

Review of the information collection process for the first evaluation of the continued need for DDT for disease vector control

Ongoing decentralization and the attendant administrative reforms have created significant challenges to effective implementation of vector control programs.

However, such reforms can provide an opportunity to strengthen vector control at the district level and steer the programme to an IVM strategy.

Implication of vector resistance to insecticides

Of the responding countries, eight reported use of DDT for disease vector control for the reporting period (2001 2003).

Evaluation of the continued need for DDT for disease vector control

The appropriate role of residual insecticides for disease vector control

7.2 The use of DDT and alternatives for disease vector control

(e) Conduct of a meeting of experts to consider available information and provide a report to the Conference of the Parties on the continued need for DDT use in disease vector control

The efficacy of DDT and its alternatives is important information for deciding the actual need for DDT for disease vector control in any local area.

The other category refers to different vector control interventions that can be used either alone or in combination, to reduce or eliminate reliance on DDT.

Furthermore, the system will also be used to facilitate the reporting and the evaluation processes of the Stockholm Convention regarding the use and continued need for DDT in disease vector control.

In this regard, it is recommended that a well resourced mechanism for reporting and assessment on DDT use for disease vector control, be set up under the auspices of the Secretariat and WHO.

The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) restricts the production and use of DDT to disease vector control in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations and guidelines.

Vector control strategies in unstable malaria areas should focus on interrupting transmission, and for which indoor residual spraying is a proven and effective intervention.

Summary of current WHO Recommendations regarding DDT and disease vector control

DDT may therefore be used for vector control, provided that all the following conditions are met

Additional opportunities are provided by national and regional workshops meetings on vector control.

According to the DDT register, three countries have notified use of DDT in disease vector control and one country notified the intention to use DDT if necessary.

(iv) Collecting, compiling and generating data needed for the first meeting of the Conference of the Parties, including information necessary to review the continued need for DDT in disease vector control, evaluating the effectiveness of the Convention and

Combating nutritional diseases and efficiencies.

1 It is expected that the second evaluation of the continued need for DDT in disease vector control will take place at the third meeting of the Conference of Parties in 2007 since no meeting is planned in 2008.

This was carried out with due consideration of document UNEP POPS INC.7 INF 21 regarding the guidance and information needed to assist the Conference of Parties in evaluating continued need for DDT for disease vector control.

Ensure long term investments are made to encourage the development of new alternatives and to facilitate their implementation in recognition of the current need of countries to continue the use of DDT in disease vector control.

A public health regulatory and legislative framework Collaboration within the health sector and with other public and private sectors whose actions impact on vectors Empowerment and involvement of local communities and other stakeholders Methods based on knowledge of factors influencing local vector biology, disease transmission and morbidity Use of a range of interventions, often in combination and synergistically

The Center for Disease Control in the U.S.

Source CDC Mertu.

Environmental management This consists of environmental modification, environmental manipulation and measures to reduce human vector contact.

In considering the above options COP is reminded of documents INC7 4 and INC7 INF 21 regarding the guidance and information needed to assist the Conference of Parties in evaluating continued need for DDT for disease vector control.

There were significant improvements in disease control as well.

The programme against iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).

WHO SSC meeting of experts for the preparation of a report to assist the Conference of the Parties to the Stockholm Convention in its evaluation of the continued need for DDT in disease vector control

In order to ensure that the use of DDT is restricted to disease vector control, there is a need to support countries still using DDT to urgently review and improve their management practices, especially the regulatory and enforcement mechanisms.

Long lasting insecticide treatment technologies are also being used to produce specific insecticide treated materials for personal protection or vector control.

Combating disease to the year 2001

(d) Field testing of the draft format for country reporting on DDT and for evaluation of the continued need for DDT for disease vector control in cooperation with the World Health Organization (WHO), including conducting an expert consultation on the latter

For a majority of malaria endemic regions, the main group of alternative insecticides currently applied for indoor residual spraying are pyrethroids.

These include, among others, Insecticide treated nets (ITNs), larvicides, and vector source reduction through environmental management.

The office for disease control reported a 10 percent spread.

To step up the campaign against STD AIDS.