Third report on shared natural resources transboundary groundwaters

(a) Their practice, bilateral or regional, relating to the allocation of groundwaters from transboundary aquifer systems and the management of non renewable transboundary aquifer systems relating to the topic currently entitled Shared natural resources

(c) The completion of the first reading of the draft articles on the law of transboundary aquifers under the topic Shared natural resources

Under this topic, the Commission is now focusing for the time being on codification of the law on transboundary groundwaters (aquifers and aquifer systems).

Fierce competition for a shrinking water resources base is resulting in over extraction for industry and agriculture, falling groundwater levels and failing domestic water sources.

Parties alluded to the increasing pressure being placed on water resources in their countries, which makes it necessary for them to identify other sources, such as groundwater and desalinated water.

c. Assessing the impacts on groundwater and aquifers of industrial, agricultural, and other activities and

As groundwater should be recognized as a natural resource with economic and ecological value, groundwater strategies should aim at the sustainable use of groundwater and preservation of its quality.

In allocating groundwater resources, account should be taken of the amount of groundwater in reserve and of the rate of its replenishment.

(xii) Charter on Groundwater Management, 1989, adopted by the Economic Commission for Europe at its forty fourth session, Groundwater strategies

Moreover, most water resources used in the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) region, both surface water and groundwater, are shared by several riparian countries.

Protection measures aimed at prevention of groundwater pollution and overuse should be the basic tools for groundwater management.

Monitoring groundwater levels, pressures, and quality

Salinization and depletion of groundwater resources Jordan seeks compensation in the amount of USD 1,465,565,462 for the salinization and depletion of its groundwater resources.

Kuwait was awarded compensation to remediate the aquifers.

(viii) Section IV of the Charter on Groundwater Management, 1989, adopted by the Economic Commission for Europe at its forty fourth session, Groundwater allocation

On the issue of shared water resources, several pilot areas (relating to surface water and groundwater resources) were studied to serve as models for reaching agreements on sharing resources and promoting joint technical and managerial cooperation among the riparian countries.

In order to comply with this Chapter, States shall take all appropriate steps to acquire the information necessary to manage groundwater and aquifers efficiently and effectively, including

Aquifer means a subsurface layer or layers of rock or other geological strata of sufficient porosity and permeability to allow either a significant flow of groundwater or the abstraction of significant quantities of groundwater.

b. Developing aquifer vulnerability maps

First claim unit Groundwater resources Jordan seeks compensation in the amount of USD 1,771,413,994 for this claim unit.

Groundwater means all water which is below the surface of the ground in the saturation zone and in direct contact with the ground or subsoil.

States, in accordance with the precautionary approach, shall take early action and develop long term plans to ensure the sustainable use of groundwater and of the aquifers in which the groundwater is contained.

ESCWA also focused on the sustainable management of shared groundwater resources, especially in the many countries where groundwater is the main source of water.

In response to the scarcity of water resources, several African countries, particularly those situated in arid and semi arid zones, have drawn up strategies for the preservation of underground water, which is in heavy demand as a result of rapid urbanization and the expansion of farming.

IAH will devote significant resources to Africa during the period 2005 2015, recognizing that technically sound groundwater management will be critical in the types of basins and aquifers that exist in Africa.

(7) the protection of surface and groundwaters against depletion and pollution

(k) Additional specific measures are taken to prevent the pollution of groundwaters

Fifth claim unit Monitoring of groundwater resources Iran seeks compensation in the amount of USD 1,056,000 for expenses of proposed measures to collect and analyse samples from springs, wells, qanats and rivers that have been damaged by contamination from the oil well fires in Kuwait.

Loss of groundwater due to microbiological contamination Jordan seeks compensation in the amount of USD 11,365,977 for the loss of use of groundwater resources in the Qairawan, Baqouriyeh, Shoreya'a, Hazzir and Wadi As Sir springs due to microbiological contamination as a result of the presence of refugees in Jordan following Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait.

Now the water table is falling at a dangerous pace, as the underground water is being pumped much faster than the rains are recharging it.

SahysMod is such a polygonal groundwater model permitting to assess the use of well water for irrigation, the effects on soil salinity and on depth of the water table.

More emphasis should be given to the nature conservation value provided by groundwater resources, in particular where nature protection areas are vulnerable to changes in groundwater conditions.

Groundwater abstraction activities or artificial groundwater recharge schemes where the annual volume of water to be abstracted or recharged amounts to 10 million cubic metres or more.

The Government's water sources are groundwater and surface water (Ugum River).

d. Any other measures appropriate to the circumstances of the aquifer.

This resulted in the salinization and degradation of Jordan's main groundwater basins, in particular the aquifers of Amman Zarqa, Azraq and Northern Mujib, as well as depletion of groundwater resources in the main basins.

It shares the Kalahari and Karoo aquifers with Namibia, Zimbabwe and South Africa.

There are no groundwater areas at the border between Finland and Sweden.

However, sustainable use of groundwater resources would require regulatory regimes to control aquifer depletion and protect water quality, for which monitoring and enforcement capacities would need to be developed or enhanced.

Third claim unit Groundwater resources Kuwait seeks compensation in the amount of USD 159,883,100 for the loss of use of groundwater resources during the period when these resources could not be used because of contamination resulting from Iraq's invasion and occupation.

The great aquifers that supply water for irrigation are being depleted.

Saline aquifers have been used for storage of chemical waste in a few cases.

There have also been examples of interaction between magma and water in an aquifer.

Aquifer Natural water bearing geological formation found below the surface of the earth.