Often, bargaining will break down.

The horse trading around the base has been intense.

The haggling continued from February until April 1989.

The political horse trading is over for the time being, and the outcome seems assured.

Complex ethnic bargaining had made Jonathan Yar Adua s running mate in the fraudulent 2007 election.

When new economy issues such as e commerce come up at the WTO, India, the EU and the United States often find themselves on the same side.

State employees would be granted the right to engage in collective bargaining, but would have no right to strike.

Nor can we overlook the banal bargaining of European leaders, the quarrels over budgets, and the rise of national egoisms whenever elections loom.

Of course, international summits are usually an occasion for countries to sign agreements, not for the hard bargaining that can begin to improve their relations with one another.

Bargaining between member states leads to lowest common denominator budgets that appease vested interests but fail to support EU member states shared ambitions.

During the political horse trading that preceded the creation of the EBA (together with two equivalent bodies for securities and insurance), it was agreed that the new authority would be based in London.

It is time, therefore, for India to consider introducing a presidential system of government, which would reduce the scope for horse trading and allow the country s leader to select competent people for cabinet positions.

As I argue in my book The Globalization Paradox, expanding the scope for national governments to maintain regulatory diversity and rebuild frayed social bargains would enhance the functioning of the global economy.

In other words, Gazprom (and the Russian government) are less capable of withstanding the loss of the European market than vice versa. Indeed, given the hard bargains that China has been driving during Putin s desperate search for alternative buyers, threatening to cut exports to Europe has proven to be an exceedingly unwise tactic.

Not only has the Bank not been active in promoting these globally agreed standards, there is a concern that the Bank discourages collective bargaining and protections for workers when it talks about flexible labor markets and conditions that are conducive to private investment.

Perhaps some of these outcomes were the result of hard bargaining by other trading partners (such as Australia). Regardless, the TPP s critics should now read the specifics that they have so long said they wanted to see and reconsider their opposition to the deal.