Nuclear deterrents could have failed at any moment.

It had never countenanced nuclear deterrence as a permanent measure, since deterrence was responsible for the development of ever newer nuclear weapons and actually prevented genuine nuclear disarmament.

Withdrawal of these weapons would not mean the end of nuclear deterrence for Europe, as deterrence will remain necessary until the last nuclear weapon is dismantled.

We can conclude that nuclear deterrence mattered in the crisis, and that the nuclear dimension certainly figured in Kennedy s thinking.

Israel s nuclear deterrence is its ultimate defense against an existential threat.

It was none other than the United States that pursued us and pushed us systematically to acquire today's physical nuclear deterrence.

The NPR affirms the policy of extended nuclear deterrence, under which the US retains the option to employ nuclear weapons to defend its allies.

The moral of the story is that a little nuclear deterrence goes a long way.

It is a mistake, however, to believe that extended deterrence depends on parity in numbers of nuclear weapons.

However, it does need to refocus its efforts on more attainable goals deterrence and nonproliferation.

As long as such a hostile policy continues, the self defensive nuclear deterrent means will likewise continue to be strengthened.

Europe perhaps benefited more than any other part of the world from nuclear deterrence, because it helped to preserve peace during the Cold War and prevented nuclear proliferation.

To this end, the two great nuclear powers need a coordinated deterrence policy towards new nuclear states.

In that event, there remains the hope that mutual nuclear deterrence will promote mutual common sense.

It is not naïve to believe that nuclear deterrence is both fragile operationally, and of thoroughly dubious utility in sustaining the peace.

Nuclear deterrence a threat to kill hundreds of thousands or millions of people is a concept that does not fit into traditional morals.

Non nuclear weapon States were either dependent on their alliances with nuclear weapon States again under a security umbrella dependent on nuclear deterrence or felt insecure and unprotected because of the absence of such an alliance.

Japan officially endorses the objective of a non nuclear world, but it relies on America s extended nuclear deterrent, and wants to avoid being subject to nuclear blackmail from North Korea (or China).

Without a nuclear deterrent, his regime was helpless when the US reneged on the deal a lesson that has not been lost on North Korea.

The first is to rely on deterrence and live with an Iran that has a small nuclear arsenal or the ability to assemble one with little advance notice.

Perhaps the biggest obstacle to initiating a trilateral dialogue is Chinese resistance to formal nuclear arms control agreements, which is rooted in the memory of Cold War era nonproliferation initiatives aimed partly at preventing China from developing its own nuclear deterrent.

But proponents of such US guarantees believe that they discourage aggression and contribute to nuclear non proliferation by reducing the incentive of US allies to seek their own nuclear deterrents.

Absent a dramatic improvement in the Middle East s grim political landscape, the failure of deterrence would bring the sum of all the fears of our nuclear age upon us.

Proliferators must know that the NATO allies are unwavering in their commitment to collective defense, including nuclear deterrence.

Nuclear deterrence ensures global peace. Economic growth has never been so fast over such a long period.

When the concept of nuclear deterrence was brought in the discussion with reference to its potential applicability to outer space, it was strongly asserted that there is no ground to make such a comparison.

Gaza and the Failure of Deterrence

But the Socialists began to change their stripes in the late 1970 s, rallying around the concept of nuclear dissuasion as a guarantee of national independence and beginning to distance themselves from America.

Unfortunately, the doctrine of nuclear deterrence is contagious, making non proliferation more difficult and raising new risks that nuclear weapons will be used.

Nuclear weapon States should abandon the policy of nuclear deterrence based on first use of nuclear weapons and should reduce the role of nuclear weapons in their national security.

More than any other government official, he was responsible for institutionalizing the key strategic doctrine of the nuclear age, deterrence, otherwise known as mutual assured destruction.

Although experts have disputed the capacity of America s BMDS, Russian leaders remain convinced that it could seriously undermine Russia s nuclear deterrent.

Indeed, the best guarantee of American extended deterrence over Japan remains the presence of nearly 50,000 American troops (which Japan helps to maintain with generous host nation support).

Of course, Iran s leaders may believe that economic isolation is the greatest danger to the regime. But what happened in Libya has made them fear that Qaddafi s fate could be theirs, too, without an adequate deterrent.

Joint Russian US expert studies regarding how BMD might affect Russia s nuclear deterrent and what steps can be taken to minimize any problems

Russian President Vladimir Putin has even warned that, left unchallenged by Russia s nuclear deterrent, the US would be tempted to intervene militarily in more countries, as it did in the former Yugoslavia, Iraq, and Libya.

Some countries undertook to propagate the notion that their nuclear weapons were intended for peaceful purposes, while other countries' capacity for self defence and nuclear deterrence allegedly posed a threat to world peace.

The Holy See had expressed its limited acceptance of nuclear deterrence during the cold war on the clear understanding that deterrence merely represented a step towards progressive nuclear disarmament.

The concept of deterrence' in reference to security in outer space.

The continued seductive power of the Cold War logic and language of nuclear deterrence is the primary reason, though for some states it is clear that the testosterone factor perceived status and prestige also plays a role.

We could not but take the road of nuclear deterrence, because of the nuclear threats of the United States, which are based on its policy of deep rooted hostility towards the Democratic People's Republic of Korea for the past half a century.

Some subsequent studies have sometimes found a much weaker deterrent effect, while others have found a much stronger effect.

The Cold War s end, twenty years ago this autumn, was supposed to provide a peace dividend. Instead, we find ourselves still facing serious nuclear threats. Some stem from the persistence of more than 20,000 nuclear weapons and the contagious doctrine of nuclear deterrence. Others relate to nuclear tests more than a dozen in the post Cold War era, aggravated by the constant testing of long range missiles.

The third analogy is reflected in Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert s recent references to Israel s nuclear deterrent, which may have been a mistake, but probably indicate the evolution of Israeli strategic thinking.

When one pole of nuclear deterrence weakened, due to Russia s political decline in the 1990 s, NATO, a defensive union of democratic and peaceful states, committed aggression against Yugoslavia.